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Stony Mountain Institution is a federal medium-security facility located in Stony Mountain, Manitoba, about from Winnipeg. It opened in 1877 and can accommodate up to 570 inmates.〔(Institutional Profiles- Prairie Region- STONY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTION ). Correctional Service Canada. Retrieved 14 Dec 2010.〕 == History == (This section is primarily based on ''The Early Years of Stony Mountain Institution'', by Marc Shaw, as found in the Newsletter of (Canada's Penitentiary Museum ), Summer of 2004.)〔(FPM Newsletter, Summer, 2004 ). Retrieved 14 Dec 2010.〕 In the years immediately following Confederation, Kingston Penitentiary was joined by several new institutions: St Vincent de Paul in 1873, British Columbia Penitentiary in 1878, and Dorchester in 1880. The establishment of the "Manitoba Penitentiary" (as it was known until it was renamed Stony Mountain Institution in 1972) was authorized by the young Canadian federal government in 1872. Lands were expropriated at Stony Mountain, some eleven miles (18 km) from Lower Fort Garry, where Sir Garnet Wolseley’s expeditionary force had been stationed as part of the effort to quell the first Riel (the "Red River") Rebellion of 1869-70. One of the members of that force, Samuel Lawrence Bedson (1842–91), did not return East following the Rebellion, but went on to become the first Warden of the new Penitentiary. The site’s isolated location and lack of available building materials proved a challenge to the construction process. Stone for the windowsills and the corners was quarried at Lower Fort Garry, dressed and hauled overland during the winter. Timber was freighted from Ontario. A brick-making machine from St. Paul, Minnesota was employed in the manufacture of over 400,000 bricks from local clay. Despite efforts to avoid wastage due to difficulties in transporting materials, by the time the Penitentiary was completed in February, 1877, the final cost was $125,000—some $9000 over budget. Some 60 tradesmen worked during the summer months and 25 stonemasons during the winters. In August 1877, with Lord and Lady Dufferin presiding, the Penitentiary was officially opened.〔(Lord Dufferin ). The Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved 14 Dec 2010.〕 14 inmates, including a female "lunatic" comprised the original prison population transferred from the gaol at Lower Fort Garry. The original prison building was soon joined by a number of other buildings, as a period of rapid growth commenced. Structures such as stables, schoolhouse, staff quarters, hospital, chapels, forge and slaughterhouse were built. By 1885, some 44 cells were in use. Growth tended to be decentralized and the buildings came to occupy a large area. The original heating system, based on an English model, proved inadequate and the winter of 1877/78 proved very harsh for both staff and inmates. This situation was alleviated by the installation of a steam boiler in the summer of 1878. Due to the severity of the Manitoba winter, heating costs were $3000—considerably more than the identical British Columbia Penitentiary. To cope with this continuing expense, Warden Bedson negotiated with the CPR for a favourable shipping rate for coal. Bedson proved to be an innovative and progressive warden. A system was devised whereby prisoners could communicate their needs to guards without breaking the rule of silence. A four-foot white wand painted black on one end (for ordinary needs) and red on the other (for emergency use) was utilized. He also emerged as a noted prison reformer. He placed high value on religious and educational programs, and spiritual and educational needs were emphasized from the very beginning. Bedson also instituted an early system of inmate wages and parole. He also played a key role as a conservationist. An original investment of 13 head of buffalo grew substantially over the years and after a number of transfers of ownership, the herd was eventually relocated to Wood Buffalo National Reserve in Alberta. Early growth was ambitious, if dispersed. By 1912, perimeter wall construction had begun, and the numerous buildings were completely enclosed by 1922. The entrance to the institution was via the "South Gate" – a handsome two-storey structure that controlled vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The need for additional cell space led to the construction of wings off the main cell-block throughout the 1920s. The building of a new facility to replace the original Administration building commenced in 1933. Due in part to the Depression and the Second World War, this building was left in a partially completed state for many years. The 1877 Administration Building and the South Gate, the last survivors of the original prison structures, were demolished in the late 1960s, and Stony Mountain’s origins are not readily apparent in the modern facility of today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stony Mountain Institution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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